The methods section details the procedures and techniques used to gather and analyse data, ensuring your study's reproducibility and rigour. A well-crafted methods section not only validates your research but also allows other researchers to replicate and build upon your work.

Here's 4 key questions to help you craft a strong methods chapter.

1. Is the methodology clearly defined?

Ensuring clarity in methodology is paramount for understanding the research process. This encompasses defining the research design, specifying data sources and collection instruments, and outlining participant demographics and selection criteria.

• Research design: Clearly outline the overarching study design of your PhD thesis, considering it as the culmination of individual studies. Each separate study that contributes to your thesis should have its own clear outline, while also fitting smoothly into the overall structure

• Data sources: Specify whether the data is primary or secondary and describe the contexts or environments from which it was collected.

• Instruments/tools: Include full details like the questionnaire or any other data collection tools used.

• Participants: Provide demographic details and the selection criteria for your participants (if applicable).

2. How do the chosen methods address the research question or aims?

The chosen methods must align with the PhD research questions and objectives, evaluating their strengths and limitations within the study's context.

• Alignment with objectives: Clearly explain how the methods address your research questions and objectives.

• Strengths and limitations: Discuss the strengths of your chosen methods in the context of your study and address any limitations.

• Practical considerations: Include considerations such as resource availability, time constraints, or ethical issues that influenced your choice.

3. Why this method over alternatives?

Justifying the selected methodology involves a balanced comparison with alternatives, emphasising suitability for the PhD research questions and context. Validating choices with relevant literature provides a robust foundation for your methodological decisions.

• Balanced comparison: Compare your chosen methods with other potential methods, discussing the pros and cons of each.

• Suitability: Emphasise why your chosen methods are particularly suited to your specific research questions and context.

• Literature support: Support your choices with relevant literature, citing studies that validate the effectiveness of your methods.

4.  Is the data analysis approach appropriate and detailed?

Appropriate data analysis is essential for deriving meaningful insights. This involves describing analysis techniques and their rationale, providing a detailed procedural overview while addressing potential biases and errors to ensure the integrity of findings.

• Analysis techniques: Describe the statistical or qualitative analysis methods used, including any software or tools.

• Rationale: Explain why these particular analysis techniques were chosen and justify their appropriateness for your data type and objectives.

• Detailed procedure: Provide a step-by-step overview of the analysis process, ensuring it is detailed enough for replication.

• Bias and errors: Discuss measures taken to minimise bias and errors, including handling missing data or outliers.

Take home message

Your methods section is your opportunity to showcase your expertise and thorough understanding of research design to the examiner. By clearly defining your methodology, aligning your methods with your research aims, justifying your methodological choices, and detailing your data analysis approach, you demonstrate your competence and rigour. This clear documentation not only strengthens the credibility of your thesis but also reassures the examiner that you have a solid grasp of the essential research principles.

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Checkout my Youtube video where I briefly explain 4 key things to writing a strong methods chapter 🎓

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